Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO & BRVO)
Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) is a condition where a vein in the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye) becomes blocked, leading to vision problems. It’s similar to a “stroke in the eye.”
There are two main types:
1. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO):
- Blockage of the main vein in the retina
- Usually more severe and affects the entire retina
2. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO):
- Blockage of one of the smaller branch veins
- Usually affects a part of the retina
Causes and Risk Factors:
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- High cholesterol
- Glaucoma
- Smoking
- Blood clotting disorders
- Aging – more common in people over 50
Symptoms:
- Sudden, painless vision loss or blurring in one eye
- Dark spots or floaters
- Distorted vision
- Vision loss can range from mild to severe, depending on the type and extent of the blockage
Diagnosis:
- Dilated eye exam to check for retinal swelling, haemorrhages, or abnormal vessels
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Scans the retina to detect swelling (macular edema)
- Fluorescein Angiography: A special dye test that shows blood flow in the retinal vessels
- Blood pressure and blood work may be ordered to find underlying causes
Management & Treatment:
There is no cure, but treatments can help preserve vision and reduce complications:
Anti-VEGF Injections (e.g., Avastin, Eylea, Accentrix)
- Reduce swelling in the retina and improve vision
- Given regularly (e.g., monthly) depending on response
Steroid Injections or Implants
- Help reduce inflammation and fluid buildup
Laser Treatment
- Used in BRVO more than CRVO
- Can treat areas with poor circulation or stop abnormal vessels from growing
Treating underlying conditions
- Control blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol
- Quit smoking
- Sometimes blood thinners are needed if a clotting issue is found
Prognosis:
- BRVO often has a better outcome than CRVO
- With proper treatment and monitoring, many people can maintain or improve vision
- However, some may have lasting vision problems or complications like glaucoma or macular edema
When to See a Doctor:
- If you notice sudden vision changes in one eye
- If you have risk factors like diabetes or hypertension
- For regular eye exams, especially after age 50
Key Takeaways:
- Retinal vein occlusions are serious but manageable with prompt treatment
- Managing your general health can reduce the risk of recurrence
- Ongoing eye care is essential for preserving your vision